1. Purpose and scope
Draft limits from the specification are not good enough for production. Characterisation measures how real parts behave across the process window, supply voltage and temperature, so limits can be set that pass parts that meet the datasheet and fail those that do not, with margins for tester accuracy and drift.
The stage also produces the program that tests the qualification lots, before and after stress, so qualification results reflect the screen that production will use. It ends with the test limits frozen and the qualification test release.
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